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School World Order Endnotes: Chapters 5-10


Endnotes – Chapter 5


1 Tribune News Services Contact Reporter, “Senate confirms Betsy DeVos as Education Secretary as Pence Breaks 50-50 Tie,” Chicago Tribune, February 7, 2017, https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-betsy-devos-education-secretary-confirmation-20170207-story.html


2 Emma Brown, “Democrats Request Another Hearing for DeVos, Trump’s Education


3 Ibid.


4 Erica L. Green, “’Brain Performance’ Firm DeVos Invested in Is Hit for Misleading Claims,”


5 Matthew Goldstein, Steve Eder and Sheri Fink, “Betsy DeVos Won’t Shed Stake in

Biofeedback Company, Filings Show,” New York Times, January 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/business/dealbook/betsy-devos-neurocore.html


6 Ibid.


7 United States, Every Student Succeeds Act, Public Law 114-95, 114th Congress, S. 1177,


8 Mark Sanchez, “Windquest-backed Neurocore Eyes National Expansion,” MiBiz, September 18, 2016, https://mibiz.com/item/24029-windquest-backed-neurocore-eyes-national-expansion


9 Ben Miller and Laura Jimenez, “Inside the Financial Holdings of Billionaire Betsy DeVos,”


10 Rosalind Adams, “What the Fuck Just Happened,” Buzzfeed, December 7, 2016, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/rosalindadams/intake#.jtNzx18eE



12 Travis Gettys, “Betsy DeVos Bankrolls Quack Medical Centers That Claim to Treat ADHD


13 Christopher Fisher, “Biofeedback,” Christopher Fisher, PhD, 2014, https://www.christopherfisherphd.com/psychological-services/biofeedback/


14 Neurocore Brain Performance Centers, “Homepage,” accessed November 9, 2018,


15 Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 72-81.


16 Rockefeller Foundation, “Evolution of a Foundation: The Advancement of Knowledge,”

Rockefeller Foundation: A Digital History, Rockefeller Archive Center, accessed November 9, 2018, https://rockfound.rockarch.org/the-advancement-of-knowledge


17 Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 30-41, 64-65.


18 Edward Lee Thorndike, The Principles of Teaching Based on Psychology (New York: A. G. Seiler, 1925) quoted in Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 32-33.


19 Neurocore Brain Performance Centers, “Who We Help—ADHD: Address the Symptoms

of ADHD,” accessed November 9, 2018, https://www.neurocorecenters.com/treatment/adhd


20 Kaleigh Rogers, “What the Heck Is Neurofeedback Technology, Betsy DeVos’s Pet Project?,” Motherboard, January 25, 2017, https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/9ad5zy/betsy-devos-is-invested-in-a-company-trying-to-treat-adhd-with-brain-training


21 Teachers College, Columbia University, “The Unorthodox Behaviorist,” TC Newsroom,


22 Steven W. Lee, “Curriculum Vita,” accessed November 9, 2018, https://epsy.ku.edu/sites/epsy.ku.edu/files/docs/people/vita/S_Lee-02-21-18.pdf


23 Steven N. Broder, “About US/Profiles: Steven N. Broder, Clinical Associate Professor Emeritus,” Boston University Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, accessed November 9, 2018, http://www.bu.edu/wheelock/profile/steven-n-broder/


24 Neurocore Brain Performance Centers, “What is Neurofeedback?,” accessed November 9, 2018, https://www.neurocorecenters.com/what-is-neurofeedback


25 Ibid, “Authorization to Release Healthcare Information,” accessed November 9, 2018,


26 Jeff Smith, “Betsy DeVos Watch: Listening to CEOs, Workforce Development and Stu-

dent Loans,” Grand Rapids Institute for Information Democracy, April 13, 2017, https://griid.org/2017/04/13/betsy-devos-watch-listening-to-ceos-workforce-development-and-student-loans/


27 United States, Department of Education, “Statement from Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos on the President’s Strategy and Policy Forum Listening Session,” Press Release, April 11, 2017, https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/statement-secretary-education-betsy-devos-presidents-strategy-and-policy-forum-listening-session


28 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, “The Death of Free Will (Part 2 of 5),” News With Views, December 21, 2010, http://www.newswithviews.com/iserbyt/iserbyt103.htm


29 Ibid.


30 Emily Marks, “Betsy DeVos Believes Community Colleges Play Important Role in Work-


33 Antony C. Sutton, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull and Bones, Updated Reprint (Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 2002), 86.


34 Ibid, 90-91.


35 Ibid, 63, 85-87, 101-102, 107-109.


Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 1-27.


36 Antony C. Sutton, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull and Bones, Updated Reprint (Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 2002), 91.


37 Ibid, 84-87, 101-105, 109.


“Dr. John Dewey Dead at 92; Philosopher a Noted Liberal,” New York Times, June 2, 1952, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1020.html


Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 15-20, 64-65.


38 Ibid, 43-89.


39 Fredrick T. Gates, “The Country School of Tomorrow,” Occasional Papers No. 1 (Publica-

tions of the General Education Board: New York, 1916), 6.


40 Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 29-41, 61-65, 72, 78-81.


41 Edward Lee Thorndike, and Arthur I. Gates, Elementary Principles of Education (New

York: Macmillan, 1929) quoted in Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 40.


42 United States, Department of Education, “U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to

Visit Salt Lake City’s Granite Technical Institute,” Press Release, May 9, 2017, https://www.ed.gov/news/media-advisories/us-secretary-education-betsy-devos-visit-salt-lake-citys-granite-technical-institute


43 Phillippe A. Kent, “Accountability Measures in Workforce Training,” New Directions for

Institutional Research 128 (2005): 60.


44 Accessed September 21, 2017, http://www.neurocorepro.com/


45 Accessed September 21, 2017, http://www.neurocorepro.com/corporate-health/


46 United States, Every Student Succeeds Act, Public Law 114-95, 114th Congress, S. 1177, December 10, 2015, https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ95/PLAW-114publ95.pdf


47 James M. Kearney, Outcome-Based Education: Final Report, US Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, June 23, 1994, https://files.eric.ed.gov/full-text/ED373457.pdf


48 Jane Robbins, “Why ‘Competency-Based Education’ Will Deepen America’s Education


49 Ibid.


50 United States, Every Student Succeeds Act, Public Law 114-95, 114th Congress, S. 1177, December 10, 2015, https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ95/PLAW-114publ95.pdf


51 Benjamin Herold, “DeVos Invested More Money in ‘Brain Performance’ Company, Despite Weak Evidence: Neurocore Makes Questionable Claims,” Education Week, August 7, 2017, https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/08/07/devos-invested-more-money-in-brain-performance.html


52 Jonathon Hirte, “DeVos Seeks to Turn Michigan Around,” Calvin College Chimes, November 3, 2006, https://web.archive.org/web/20131202234020/http:/clubs.calvin.edu/chimes/article.php?id=2723


53 Ellen Nolte, Caroline Viola Fry, Eleanor Winpenny, and Laura Brereton, Use of Outcome

Metrics to Measure Quality in Education and Training of Healthcare Professionals: A Scoping Review of International Experiences (Cambridge, UK: RAND Corporation, February 2011), 13.


54 D. Koo and K. Miner, “Outcome-Based Workforce Development and Education in Public

Health,” Annual Review of Public Health 31 no. 1 (2011): 253-269, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20001820


55 United States, Department of Education, “Prepared Remarks by U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to the 2017 ASU GSV Summit,” Press Release, May 9, 2017, https://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/prepared-remarks-us-secretary-education-betsy-devos-2017-asu-gsv-summit


56 Theodore C. Sectish, William W. Hay Jr, John D. Mahan, Fernando S. Mendoza, Nancy D. Spector, Bonita Stanton, Peter G. Szilagyi, Teri L. Turner, Leslie R. Walker, and Kenneth Slaw, “Blue-print for Action: Visioning Summit on the Future of the Workforce in Pediatrics,” Pediatrics, 136 no. 1 (2015), http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/1/161


57 Mathy Mezey, Ethel Mitty, Tara Cortes, Sarah Burger, Elizabeth Clark, and Philip McCal-

lion, “A Competency-Based Approach to Educating and Training the Eldercare Workforce,” Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging 34 no. 4 (2011): 53.


58 Elizabeth Bragg and Jennie Chin Hansen, “Ensuring Care for Aging Baby Boomers: Solutions at Hand,” Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging 39 no. 2 (2015): 96.


59 Ibid, 94, 96.


60 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological

Paper Trail (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 141.


Ibid, xxi, 138.

Ibid, 270.


Julian Huxley, UNESCO: Its Purpose and Its Philosophy (Washington D. C.: Public Affairs Press, 1948).


61 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological

Paper Trail, Revised and Abridged Ed. (Parkman, OH: Conscience Press, 2011), 36-37.

Education Commission of the States, Outcome-Based Education: An Overview (Denver: Education Commission of the States Clearing House, 1993).


62 Antony C. Sutton, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull

and Bones, Updated Reprint (Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 2002), 63, 290.


Charles R. Lanman, “Daniel Coit Gilman (1831-1908),” Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 52 no. 13 (1917): 836-839.


63 Antony C. Sutton, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull

and Bones, Updated Reprint (Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 2002), 63, 82, 90-91, 101.


“Dr. John Dewey Dead at 92; Philosopher a Noted Liberal,” New York Times, June 2, 1952, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1020.html


Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 16.


64 United States, Every Student Succeeds Act, Public Law 114-95, 114th Congress, S. 1177, December 10, 2015, https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ95/PLAW-114publ95.pdf


65 Ibid.

66 Ibid.


67 Steven C. Kassel, “Stress Management and Peak Performance Crash Course for Ninth

Graders in a Charter School Setting,” Biofeedback 43 no. 2 (2015): 90.


68 Northwestern University, Division of Student Affairs, “Outreach and Education: Relaxation and Biofeedback,” Counseling and Psychological Services, accessed November 10, 2018, https://www.northwestern.edu/counseling/outreach-education/workshops-and-email-form/relation-biofeedback/index.html


69 University of Notre Dame, Division of Student Affairs, “Inner Resources Room,” University Counseling Center: Enhancing Emotional Health for a Half Century, accessed November 10, 2018, https://ucc.nd.edu/inner-resources-room/


70 Iowa State University, “Biofeedback Center Newest Stress-Buster for Iowa State University Students,” Iowa State University News Service, September 17, 2009, https://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2009/sep/biofeedback


71 Ed Frauenheim, “Changing Hearts and (Anxious) Minds,” Workforce Magazine, November 21, 2008, https://www.workforce.com/2008/11/21/changing-hearts-and-anxious-minds/


72 United States, Every Student Succeeds Act, Public Law 114-95, 114th Congress, S. 1177,


73 David E. Rosenbaum, “A Closer Look at Cheney and Halliburton,” New York Times, September 28, 2004, https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/28/us/a-closer-look-at-cheney-and-halliburton.html?mcubz=3


Endnotes – Chapter 6


1 Zbigniew Brzezinski, Between Two Ages: America’s Role in the Technetronic Era (New

York: Viking Press, 1970), 9.


2 United States, White House Archives, President Barack Obama, “Education,” Educate


3 Daniel Chaitin, “Former Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush Offer Praise to the


Obama White House, “P032410PS-0305,” Flickr, March 24, 2010, https://www.flickr.com/photos/obamawhitehouse/4609005318/


Russell Berman, “Despite Criticism, Obama Stands By Adviser Brzezinski,” New York Sun, September 13, 2007, https://www.nysun.com/national/despite-criticism-obama-stands-by-adviser/62534/


Webster Griffin Tarpley, “Confirmed – Obama Is Zbigniew Brzezinski Puppet,” Rense News,


4 United States, White House Archives, President Barack Obama, “Education for K-12 Stu-

dents: Knowledge and Skills for the Jobs of the Future,” Educate to Innovate, accessed November 10, 2018, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/education/k-12/educate-innovate


5 Ibid.


6 Donald J. Trump, “Increasing Access to High-Quality Science, Technology, Engineering,

and Mathematics (STEM) Education,” Presidential Memorandum for the Secretary of Education,White House, September 25, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidenial-memorandum-secretary-education/


7 United States, White House, Office of Science and Technology Policy, “President Trump

Signs Presidential Memo to Increase Access to STEM and Computer Science Education,” News Articles, September 25, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/president-trump-signs-presidential-memo-increase-access-stem-computer-science-education/


8 Donald J. Trump, “Presidential Executive Order Expanding Apprenticeships in America,”

Executive Orders (Social Programs), White House, June 15, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/3245/


9 Yasuchika Hasegawa, Joseph S. Nye, Jean-Claude Trichet, “Letter to ‘Rockefeller Family,’” Trilateral Commission, March 25, 2017, http://www.trilateral.org/download/files/membership/TC%20Chairs%40DR%20Family%2025_03_2017%20(2).pdf


Zbigniew Brzezinski, Between Two Ages: America’s Role in the Technetronic Era (New York: Viking Press, 1970), 266, 267, 268, 269.


Ibid. “Special Address by Founding Director Zbigniew Brzezinski,” The Trilateral Commission Warsaw 2004 Plenary Meeting, May 9, 2019, http://trilateral.org/download/files/ZBIGNIEW%20BRZEZINSKI.pdf


10 Dustin Heustin, “Discussion: Developing the Potential of an Amazing Tool,” School and

Technology (1984) quoted in Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological Paper Trail, Revised and Abridged Ed. (Parkman, OH: Conscience Press, 2011), 8.


11 Mieke Vandewaetere, Piet Desmet, and Geraldine Clarebout, “The Contribution of

Learner Characteristics in the Development of Computer-Based Adaptive-Learning Environments,” Computers in Human Behavior 27 no. 1 (2011): 118.


12 Henry A. Giroux, “Schooling and the Myth of Objectivity: Stalking the Politics of the Hid-

den Curriculum,” McGill Journal of Education 16 no. 3 (1981): 283.


13 Renata Phelps, Stewart Hase, and Allan Ellis, “Competency, Capability, Complexity and

Computers: Exploring a New Model for Conceptualising End-User Computer Education,” British Journal of Educational Technology 36 no. 1 (2005): 69.


14 Ibid, 67.


15 Alexander Nussbaumer, Eva‐Catherine Hillemann, Christian Gütl, and Dietrich Albert, “A

Competence‐based Service for Supporting Self‐Regulated Learning in Virtual Environments,” Journal of Learning Analytics, 2 no. 1 (2015): 106.


16 Tony Wan, “Knewton’s New Business Attracts New $25M in Funding. But Some Things


17 Dreambox Learning, “Home: Company,” accessed November 11, 2018, http://www.dreambox.com/company


18 Desire2Learn, “Desire2Learn Acquires Knowillage Systems, Inc.,” D2L Newsroom, September 9, 2013, https://www.d2l.com/newsroom/releases/desire2learn-acquires-knowillage-systems-inc/


Ibid, “Products: Brightspace LeapTM,” D2L: Desire2Learn, accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.d2l.com/products/leap/


19 Smart Sparrow, “About: About Smart Sparrow,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.smartsparrow.com/about/


Ibid, “Platform: Create Courseware That Engages Every Student,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.smartsparrow.com/platform/


20 ACT, “About ACT: History of ACT” (2006), Internet Archive: Way Back Machine, accessed


Cengage Learning, “Cengage Learning Launches Knewton Adaptive Learning Technology


D2L, “D2L Announces Strong Growth In Latin America, Signs Over A Dozen New And Returning Customers,” PR Newswire, December 21, 2016, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/d2l-announces-strong-growth-in-latin-america-signs-over-a-dozen-new-and-returning-customers-300382396.html


Knewton, “Partners: Enterprise Partnerships,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.knewton.com/enterprise/


Smart Sparrow, “About: About Smart Sparrow,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.smartsparrow.com/about/


Tony Wan, “Netflix’ Reed Hastings Leads $14.5M Series A1 for DreamBox,” EdSurge, December 17, 2013, https://www.edsurge.com/news/2013-12-17-netflix-reed-hastings-leads-14-5m-series-a1-for-dreambox


21 Khan Academy, “About: Our Mission Is to Provide a Free, WorldClass Education for Any-

one, Anywhere,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.khanacademy.org/about


22 Rachel B. Baker, “The Student Experience: How Competency-Based Education Providers Serve Students,” American Enterprise Institute Series on Competency-Based Higher Education, (The Center on Higher Education Reform of the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 2015), 10.


23 Ibid.

24 Ibid, ii.


25 P. Wildman, “From Student Competencies to Regional Capability,” Capability, 2 no. 1

(1996): 85-91, quoted in Renata Phelps, Stewart Hase, and Allan Ellis, “Competency, Capability, Complexity and Computers: Exploring a New Model for Conceptualising End-User Computer Education,” British Journal of Educational Technology 36 no. 1 (2005): 69.


26 C. Price, “An Elusive Human Capacity,” Capability, 2 no. 1 (1996) 3-4, quoted in Renata

Phelps, Stewart Hase, and Allan Ellis, “Competency, Capability, Complexity and Computers: Exploring a New Model for Conceptualising End-User Computer Education,” British Journal of Educational Technology 36 no. 1 (2005): 69.


27 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, “Heritage Foundation, NAFTA, School Choice and the De-

struction of Traditional Education,” News With Views, July 31, 2012, http://www.newswithviews.com/iserbyt/iserbyt111.htm


Endnotes – Chapter 7


1 Christensen, Clayton, Curtis W. Johnson, and Michael B. Horn. "Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns” (New York: McGraw Hill, 2008), quoted in Matthew Ladner, Andrew T. LeFevre, and Dan Lips, Report Card on Ranking State K-12 Performance, Progress, and Reform 16th Edition (Washington DC: American Legislative Exchange Council, 2010).


2 Ibid.


3 Henry A. Giroux, Schooling and the Struggle for Public Life: Democracy’s Promise and

Education’s Challenge (New York: 2005), 180.


4 Betsy DeVos, “Prepared Remarks by Betsy DeVos: ‘Competition, Creativity, & Choice in


5 Ibid.


6 United States, Department of Education, “Prepared Remarks by U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to the American Federation for Children’s National Policy Summit,” Press Release, May 22, 2017, https://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/prepared-remarks-us-secretary-education-betsy-devos-american-federation-childrens-national-policy-summit


Valerie Strauss, “This Is What Betsy DeVos Thinks about People Who Oppose Her School-Choice Vision,” Washington Post, May 29, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/05/29/this-is-what-betsy-devos-thinks-about-people-who-oppose-her-school-choice-vision/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.051fcd2a28ef


7 American Civil Liberties Union, “Background on Betsy DeVos from the ACLU of Michigan,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.aclu.org/other/background-betsy-devos-aclu-michigan


8 MLive Media Group, “How Betsy DeVos and Her Money Has Shaped Education in Michigan,” MLive: Michigan News, November 29, 2016, https://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2016/11/how_betsy_devos_has_shaped_edu.html


9 Betsy DeVos, “Current Board and Leadership Positions,” accessed November 11, 2018,


10 Great Lakes Education Project, “Mission & Priorities: Choice, Quality and Accountability,”

accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.glep.org/glep-mission/


11 American Federation for Children, “Bill Oberndorf Succeeds Betsy DeVos as Chairman


12 Ibid, “Statement from the American Federation for Children on 2016 Omnibus Bill,”


13 United States, Department of Education, “Prepared Remarks by U.S. Secretary of Edu-

cation Betsy DeVos to the American Federation for Children’s National Policy Summit,” Press Release, May 22, 2017, https://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/prepared-remarks-us-secretary-education-betsy-devos-american-federation-childrens-national-policy-summit


14 Ibid.


15 Matt Barnum, “Are Virtual Schools the Future? Despite Evidence of Negative Stu-

dent-Learning Outcomes, Betsy DeVos Appears to Think So,” The Atlantic, June 12, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/06/are-virtual-schools-the-future/529170/


16 American Federation for Children, “Kevin P. Chavous: Board Member,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.federationforchildren.org/staff/kevin-p-chavous/


17 Sarah Darville, “What Is Betsy DeVos’s ‘Rethink School’ Initiative All About? Her Wyoming Speech Offers Clues,” Chalkbeat, September 12, 2017, https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2017/09/12/what-is-betsy-devoss-rethink-school-initiative-all-about-her-wyoming-speech-offers-clues/


18 Foundation for Blended and Online Learning, “Our Board: Kevin P. Chavous—Board


19 “Trends: 100 People Making a Difference for Digital Learning Now,” EdTech Digest, February 14, 2011, https://edtechdigest.com/2011/02/14/trends-digital-learning-now/


20 Donna Savarese, “Kevin P. Chavous Named K12 Inc. President of Academics, Policy, and Schools,” MarketWatch, October 26, 2017, https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/kevin-p-chavous-named-k12-inc-president-of-academics-policy-and-schools-2017-10-26


Kevin P. Chavous, “Gainful Employment,” The Hill, May 31, 2011, https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/education/163941-gainful-employment-


Valerie Strauss, “Democrats Reject Her, but They Helped Pave the Road to Education Nomi-


Washington Policy Center, “Kevin Chavous in Washington D.C.,” Washington Policy Center Blog, July 24, 2012, https://www.washingtonpolicy.org/publications/detail/kevin-chavous-in-washington-dc


21 Jeb Bush, “Keynote Speech,” American Federation for Children’s 8th Annual National Policy Summit: Opening Doors, Opening Window, May 22, 2017, https://www.federationforchildren.org/event/2017-national-policy-summit/


22 Ibid.


Endnotes – Chapter 8


1 Emily Sullivan, “Union Leader Calls For An End To Oklahoma Teachers’ 9-Day Strike,” National Public Radio, April 14, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/14/602462055/union-leader-calls-for-an-end-to-oklahoma-teachers-9-day-strike


2 Joseph Flaherty, “Back to Class: The Arizona Teachers’ Strike Is Officially Over,” Phoenix New Times, May 3, 2018, https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/the-arizona-teachers-strike-is-officially-over-10393049


3 Danika Worthington, “Pueblo Teachers Launch Colorado’s First Teachers’ Strike in 24


4 Dylan Matthews, “6 Excerpts That Explain the Supreme Court’s Big Anti-Union Ruling,”


5 Foundation for Excellence in Education, “About Us,” ExcelinEd, accessed November 11,


6 Ibid, “Personalized Learning: Flexible Path & Pace to Achieve Mastery,” ExcelinEd, accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.excelined.org/innovation/personalized-learning/


7 McKenzie Snow, “The Federal Government and School Choice,” ExcelinEd Blog, January


8 Valerie Strauss, “E-mails Link Bush Foundation, Corporations and Education Officials,”



10 OpenEd Solutions, Digital Learning 2020: A Policy Report for Kentucky’s Digital Future



12 Ibid.


13 ALEC Legislative Board of Directors, “The Virtual Public Schools Act,” American Legislative Exchange Council, January 1, 2005, https://www.alec.org/model-policy/the-virtual-public-schools-act/


14 American Legislative Exchange Council, “Task Forces: Education and Workforce Development,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.alec.org/task-force/education-and-work-force-development/


15 Lee Fang, “How Online Learning Companies Bought America’s Schools,” The Nation, November 16, 2011, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-online-learning-companies-bought-americas-schools/


16 Jason Stanford, “How ALEC Gets Real Tax Dollars for Fake Schools,” Huffington Post, August 9, 2012, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jason-stanford/alec-virtual-schools_b_1549202.html


17 Mary Bottari, “ALEC Bills in Wisconsin,” The Center for Media and Democracy’s PR Watch, July 14, 2011, https://www.prwatch.org/news/2011/07/10880/alec-bills-wisconsin


18 Judy Molland, “Why ALEC Fabricated Public School Failures (and Why We’re Not Surprised),” Truthout, August 5, 2013, https://truthout.org/articles/why-alec-fabricated-public-school-failures-and-why-were-not-surprised/#


19 State of Virginia, Department of Education, “Governor McDonnell Advances ‘Opportunity to Learn’ Education Agenda for 2012,” News Releases, January 9, 2012, http://www.doe.virginia.gov/news/news_releases/2012/jan09_gov.shtml


20 American Federation for Children, “Virginia Governor Unveils 2012 Education Reform


21 Lawrence Hurley and David Ingram, “U.S. Top Court Overturns Virginia Ex-Governor’s


22 Dustin Beilke, “K12 Inc. Tries to Pivot from Virtual School Failures to Profit from ‘Non-Managed’ Schools,” Center for Media and Democracy’s PR Watch, January 7, 2016, https://www.prwatch.org/news/2016/01/13009/k12-inc-tries-pivot-virtual-school-failures


23 American Legislative Exchange Council, “Education Task Force” (2005), Internet Archive:


24 Diane Ravitch, Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger

to America’s Public Schools (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 185.


25 American Legislative Exchange Council, accessed July 19, 2018, https://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Mickey_Revenaugh


26 American Legislative Exchange Council, “Hundreds of State Legislators Gather to Dis-

cuss Policy Solutions Promoting Economic Growth and Limited Government,” Press Release, August 3, 2011, https://www.alec.org/press-release/hundreds-of-state-legislators/


Deborah Seide, “Digital Learning and Its Impact on the Future,” Pearson Education Blog, July 23, 2015, https://www.pearsoned.com/digital-learning-and-its-impact-on-the-future/


Lee Fang, “How Online Learning Companies Bought America’s Schools,” The Nation, November 16, 2011, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-online-learning-companies-bought-americas-schools/


27 American Legislative Exchange Council, “Education Task Force” (2005), Internet Archive:


28 American Legislative Exchange Council, “Private Enterprise Advisory Council: Don Lee,

K12 Inc.,” accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.alec.org/person/don-lee/


Ibid, “NetChoice, National Federation of Independent Business and K12 Inc. Join ALEC Private Enterprise Advisory Council,” Press Release, July 25, 2014, https://www.alec.org/press-release/alec-private-enterprise-advisory-council/


29 Mark Walsh, “DeVos’ Investment Stakes Raise Democratic Concerns,” Education


30 American Legislative Exchange Council, “Task Forces: Education and Workforce Development,” accessed November 11, 2018, https://www.alec.org/task-force/education-and-workforce-development/


31 K12 Inc., “Kevin P. Chavous Named K12 Inc. President of Academics, Policy, and Schools,” K12 Newsroom: Press Releases, October 26, 2017, http://newsroom.k12.com/kevin-p-chavous-named-k12-inc-president-of-academics-policy-and-schools/


32 American Federation for Children, American Federation for Children’s 8th Annual National Policy Summit: Opening Doors, Opening Window, May 22, 2017, https://www.federation-forchildren.org/event/2017-national-policy-summit/


33 Lisa Graves, “A Lot of White Space: Firms Drop Off ALEC’s Meeting Brochure,” The Center for Media and Democracy’s PR Watch, July 30, 2012, https://www.prwatch.org/news/2012/07/11679/lot-white-space-firms-drop-alecs-meeting-brochure


34 Ibid, “ALEC Exposed: List of Corporations and Special Interests that Underwrote ALEC’s

40th Anniversary Meeting,” The Center for Media and Democracy’s PR Watch, August 15, 2013, https://www.prwatch.org/news/2013/08/12212/alecexposed-list-corporations-and-special-interests-underwrote-alecs-40th-anniver


American Legislative Exchange Council, accessed July 19, 2018, https://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Mickey_Revenaugh


35 Ibid, “Education and Workforce Development Taskforce Meeting: Education and Work-

force Development Agenda,” 44th ALEC Annual Meeting—Denver, Colorado, July 21, 2017, https://www.alec.org/meeting-session/education-and-workforce-development-task-force-meeting-4/


American Federation for Children, “Scott Jensen: Senior Government Affairs Advisor—Wisconsin,” accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.federationforchildren.org/staff/scott-jensen/


American Legislative Exchange Council, ALEC Joint Board of Directors Meeting (San Diego,


Brendan Fischer, “WI Club for Growth, Target of Walker Recall Probe, at Center of Dark Money Web,” The Center for Media and Democracy’s PR Watch, November 18, 2013, https://www.prwatch.org/news/2013/11/12309/new-john-doe-investigation-probes-dark-money-wisconsin-recall-elections-club


Mary Bottari, “Scott Walker: The First ALEC President,” Huffington Post, December 6, 2017,


Mike Johnson and Jason Stein, “Jensen Settles Misconduct Case; Felonies Dropped,” Journal Sentinel: Waukesha News, December 20, 2010, http://archive.jsonline.com/news/waukesha/112195794.html


36 United States, Department of Education, “Remarks from Secretary DeVos to the American Legislative Exchange Council,” Press Release, July 20, 2017, https://www.ed.gov/news/speeches/remarks-secretary-devos-american-legislative-exchange-council


37 Arika Herron, “Hoosier Virtual Academy, an Online Charter School Serving 1,750 Students, to Close in June,” Indy Star, September 29, 2017, https://www.indystar.com/story/news/education/2017/09/29/hoosier-virtual-academy-online-charter-school-serving-1-750-students-close-june/712586001/


Beth Glenn, “A Virtual Disaster for Rural Schools,” Schott Foundation for Public Education, February 6, 2017, http://schottfoundation.org/blog/2017/02/06/virtual-disaster-rural-schools


Melanie Balakit, “Push Fails to Keep Tennessee Virtual Academy Open,” The Tennessean: Part of the USA Today Network, April 21, 2015, https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2015/04/21/tennessee-virtual-academy-makes-final-push-stay-open/26136201/


Patrick O’Donnell, “ECOT Overbilled the State again for too Many Students, State Reports, This Time by $19 Million,” Cleveland Metro News: Covering Northeast Ohio, September 28, 2017, https://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2017/09/ecot_overbilled_the_state_agai.html


Shaina Cavazos, “As Students Signed up, Online School Hired Barely any Teachers — but


Tom Torlakson, “State Schools Chief Tom Torlakson Requires California Virtual Academies to Pay Nearly $2 Million to State Based on Newly Released Audit,” California Department of Education News Release, October 9, 2017, https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr17/yr17rel72.asp


Endnotes – Chapter 9


1 Alexander Inglis, Principles of Secondary Education, quoted in John Taylor Gatto,

“Against School,” Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. 9th ed., Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, Bonnie Lisle (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013), 146-147.


2 John Taylor Gatto, “Against School,” Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical

Thinking and Writing. 9th ed., Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, Bonnie Lisle (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013), 146.


3 Ibid.

4 Ibid, 142-143.

5 Ibid, 146.


6 J. E. R. Staddon and D. T. Cerutti, “Operant Conditioning,” Annual Review of Psychology


7 Audrey Watters, “The First Teaching Machines,” Hack Education: The History of the Future of Education, February 3, 2015, http://hackeducation.com/2015/02/03/the-first-teaching-machines


8 Phil McRae and Joe Bower, “Rebirth of the Teaching Machine through the Seduction of

Data Analytics: This Time It’s Personal,” National Education Policy Center, April 30, 2013, https://nepc.colorado.edu/blog/rebirth-teaching-machine-through-seduction-data-analytics-time-its-personal


9 Stephen Petrina, “Sidney Pressey and the Automation of Education, 1924-1934,” Technology and Culture, 45 no. 2 (2004): 305-330.


10 Department of Psychology, “People: B. F. Skinner (1904-1990),” Harvard University, accessed November 12, 2018, https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/b-f-skinner


11 B. F. Skinner, The Technology of Teaching (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968), 30.


12 Ibid.


13 Edward Lee Thorndike, Education: A First Book, (New York: Macmillan Company, 1914),

165.


14 Paolo Lionni, The Leipzig Connection: The Systematic Destruction of American Education, Third Printing (Sheridan, OR: Delphian Press, 1988), 30-41.


15 bid, 33.


16 Antony C. Sutton, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull

and Bones, Updated Reprint, (Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 2002), 52.


B. F. Skinner, The Technology of Teaching (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968), viii.

“GSE faculty member Harold ‘Doc’ Howe II dies at 84,” Harvard Gazette, December 5, 2002,


National Archives, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, McGeorge Bundy Personal Papers, accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/MBP-P?f=1


17 B. F. Skinner, The Technology of Teaching (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968),

61-68.


18 Ibid, quoted in Richard I. Evans, B. F. Skinner: The Man and His Ideas (New York: Dut-

ton and Company, 1968) quoted in Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological Paper Trail, (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 77.


Ibid, quoted in Michael Cole, “Culture in Development,” Developmental Science: An Advanced Textbook, 5th Ed., Eds. Marc H. Bornstein and Michael E. Lamb (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005), 48.


19 Smithsonian, “Collections: Skinner Teaching Machine,” National Museum of American


20 B. F. Skinner, The Technology of Teaching (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968), 70.


21 Ibid, 36.

22 Ibid, 38.


23 Susan Walton, “There Has Been a Conspiracy of Silence about Teaching,” Education


24 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological

Paper Trail (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 170.


25 Association for Educational Computing and Technology, “What Is Project BEST?,” Project BEST: Better Education Skills through Technology (1981), quoted in Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological Paper Trail, (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 170.


26 United States, Department of Education, “Project BEST Dissemination Design Considerations,” quoted in Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological Paper Trail, (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 170.


27 Ibid.


28 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological

Paper Trail (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 67.


29 Ibid, A-38.

30 Ibid, 67.

31 Ibid, A-35.

32 Ibid, 170-171

33 Ibid, 124-125, 194.


34 Shirley McCune, quoted in “Schools of the Future,” Bremerton Sun, October 14, 1989,

quoted in Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological Paper Trail, (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 275-276.


35 Rhea R. Borja, “Bennett Quits K12 Inc. under Fire,” Education Week, October 11, 2005,


36 Ibid.


37 Ariel Schwartz, “Google Futurist and Director of Engineering: Basic Income Will Spread

Worldwide by the 2030s,” Business Insider, April 14, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com/basic-income-worldwide-by-2030s-ray-kurzweil-2018-4


38 Raymond Kurzweil, The Age of Intelligence Machines (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990),

431.


39 bid, 429, 431.


40 United States, White House Archives, President Barack Obama, “Education for K-12 Students: Knowledge and Skills for the Jobs of the Future,” ConnectEd Initiative, accessed November 12, 2018, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/education/k-12/connected


41 Ibid, K-12 Education, accessed November 12, 2018, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/education/k-12


42 bid.

43 Ibid.


44 Alexander Inglis, Principles of Secondary Education, quoted in John Taylor Gatto,

“Against School,” Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. 9th ed., Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, Bonnie Lisle (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013), 146-147.


B. F. Skinner, The Technology of Teaching (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968), 30, 56.


45 Tom Vander Ark, “Online Discussion: School Choice a la Carte,” Education Sector (October 2009), quoted in Matthew Ladner, Andrew T. LeFevre, and Dan Lips, Report Card on Ranking State K-12 Performance, Progress, and Reform 16th Edition (Washington DC: American Legislative Exchange Council, 2010).


Endnotes – Chapter 10


1 United States, House of Representatives, Committee on Education and the Workforce, “Foxx Statement on Proposed New Department of Education and the Workforce,” Newsroom: Press Releases, June 21, 2018, https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402877


2 Helen F. Ladd and Edward B. Fiske “Lessons for US Charter Schools from the Growth


Matt Barnum, “Does England’s Rapid Expansion of Charter-Like ‘Academies’ Hold a Lesson for the U.S.?,” Chalkbeat, September 21, 2017, https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/us/2017/09/21/does-englands-rapid-expansion-of-charter-like-academies-hold-a-lesson-for-the-u-s/


Melissa Benn, “Why Are We Following the US into a Schools Policy Disaster?,” The Guardian (US Edition), November 28, 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/education/2011/nov/28/us-charter-academies-free-schools


3 Betsy DeVos, “Betsy DeVos: How Can We Catch up to Other Countries in Education,” Education Week, June 28, 2018, https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/06/28/betsy-devos-how-we-can-catch-up.html


4 Susan Berry, “DeVos Wants U.S. to Adopt European Education Policies,” Breitbart, June


5 United States, Department of Education, “U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to

Deliver Keynote Address at Third International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training,” Press Release, June 5, 2018, https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-secretary-education-betsy-devos-deliver-keynote-address-third-international-congress-vocational-and-professional-education-and-training


6 United States, Department of Education, “#SEL: 7:28 AM – 25 Jun 2018.” News and Information from the U.S. Department of Education, Twitter, June 25 2018, accessed November 12, 2018, https://twitter.com/usedgovstatus1011254688245637122?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1011254688245637122&ref_url=https%3A%2F2Fwww.breitbart.com%2Fbig-government%2F2018%2F06%2F29%2Fdevos-wants-u-s-to-adopt-european-education-policies%2F


“#SEL,” Twitter, accessed November 12, 2018, https://twitter.com/hashtag/SEL?src=hash


Jane Robbins and Karen Effrem, “Schools Ditch Academics For Emotional Manipulation: Under Such a System Teachers Become Essentially Therapists, and Students Become Essentially Patients,” The Federalist, October 19, 2016, http://thefederalist.com/2016/10/19/schools-ditch-academics-for-emotional-manipulation/


7 Pearson, “About Us: Where We Are,” accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.pearson.com/uk/about-us/where-we-are.html


8 Ibid, “Home,” Pearson Assessments, accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.pearsonassessments.com


9 Ibid, Pearson VUE, accessed November 12, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/


Ibid, “Investors,” accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.pearson.com/corporate/investors.html


Ibid, “Products & Services for Teaching: Textbooks & eTextbooks,” accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/products-services-teaching/course-content/text-books-and-etexts.html


10 Laura Angela Bagnetto, “Uganda’s First Lady Says Bridge Schools Uganda Must Close,”


Rebecca Ratcliffe and Afua Hirsch, “UK Urged to Stop Funding ‘Ineffective and Unsustain-


“Uganda Court Orders Closure of Low-Cost Bridge International Schools,” BBC News, November 4, 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37871130


11 Pearson, “Pearson acquires Connections Education,” News & Media: News Announcements, September 15, 2011, https://www.pearson.com/corporate/news/media/news-announcements/2011/09/pearson-acquires-connections-education.html


12 Stephanie Saul, “Profits and Questions at Online Charter Schools,” New York Times, December 12, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/13/education/online-schools-score-better-on-wall-street-than-in-classrooms.html?_r=1&seid=auto&smid=tw-nytimes&pagewanted=all


13 Connections Academy, “Pearson Acquires Connections Education: Gains Leading Position in Fast-Growing Market for Virtual Schools,” News: Archives, September 15, 2011, https://www.connectionsacademy.com/news/pearson-acquisition


14 Georgia Connections Academy, “Home,” accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.connectionsacademy.com/georgia-virtual-school


15 Betsy Hammond, “Oregon’s Largest Charter School Miseducated Student for Years,

Graduated Her Unable to Read or Write,” The Oregonian, February 22, 2013, https://www.oregon-live.com/education/index.ssf/2013/02/oregons_largest_charter_school.html


16 State of California, Department of Education, “California Connections Academy @ Ripon,” California School Directory, accessed November 12, 2018, https://www.cde.ca.gov/SchoolDirectory/details?cdscode=39686500125849


17 Noel K. Gallagher, “Maine’s New Virtual Charter School Sees 25% Enrollment Drop Since


18 International Connections Academy, “About Us: Mission & History,” accessed November


19 B. F. Skinner, The Technology of Teaching (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968), 56.


20 Hannah Reinhart, “When Classrooms Have No Walls,” Pearson Education Blog, May 20,


21 Anya Kamenetz, “Pearson’s Quest to Cover the Planet in Company-Run Schools,” Wired


22 Maureen Sullivan, “It’s Pearson CEO John Fallon Vs. Teachers’ Union President Randi


Omega Schools, “About Us: Our Story,” Omega Schools: Every Child Matters, accessed November 13, 2018, http://www.omega-schools.com/history.php


Ibid, “Home: Welcome to Omega Schools,” Omega Schools: Every Child Matters, accessed November 13, 2018, http://www.omega-schools.com/


Ibid, “Our Solution: Our Pay-As-You-Learn TM Model,” Omega Schools: Every Child Matters, accessed November 13, 2018, http://www.omega-schools.com/payl-model.php


23 Ibid, “About Us: Overview and Mission,” Omega Schools: Every Child Matters, accessed


Affordable Private Education Center (APEC) Schools, “About APEC Schools: Welcome to APEC Schools,” accessed November 13, 2018, https://www.apecschools.edu.ph/about-apec-schools/


24 Alan Singer, “Pearson Education Can Run, But It Cannot Hide,” Huffington Post, February 14, 2015, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-singer/pearson-education-can-run_b_6327566.html


25 Matina Stevis and Simon Clark, “Zuckerberg-Backed Startup Seeks to Shake Up African

Education: Bridge Aims to Provide Cheap, Internet-based Education in Africa,” Wall Street Journal, March 13, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/startup-aims-to-provide-a-bridge-to-education-1426275737


26 Bridge International Academies, accessed July, 9, 2018, https://www.bridgeinternationalacademies.com/terms-of-use/



Jan Resseger, “What Nicholas Kristof Left Out in Column Promoting Bridge International Academies,” JanResseger Blog, July 18, 2017, https://janresseger.wordpress.com/2017/07/18/what-nicholas-kristof-left-out-in-column-promoting-bridge-international-academies/


28 “An Africa First! Liberia Outsource Education to a Private American Firm,” The Liberian



29 “An Africa First! Liberia Outsource Education to a Private American Firm,” The Liberian



30 Jacqueline Walumbe, “Making Best Practice Standard Practice in African Schools,” Huffington Post, December 27, 2017, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/making-best-practice-standard-practice-in-african-schools_uk_5a3d103de4b06cd2bd03d9eb?guccounter=1


31 Ibid.

32 Ibid.


33 Tina Rosenberg, “Liberia, Desperate to Educate, Turns to Charter Schools,” New York



35 Tina Rosenberg, “Liberia, Desperate to Educate, Turns to Charter Schools,” New York


36 Pearson, “About Pearson VUE: Company Information,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/About-Pearson-VUE/Company-information.aspx


Ibid, “Company Information: History,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/About-Pearson-VUE/Company-information/Company-history.aspx


Ibid, “Florida Department of Education: Florida Teacher Certification Examinations (FTCE) and Florida Educational Leadership Examination (FELE) Computer-Based Testing,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/ftce


Ibid, “Market Expertise: Academia and Admissions,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/Test-Owner/Market-expertise/Academic-dmissions.aspx


Ibid, “Pearson VUE Companies: GED Testing Service,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/About-Pearson-VUE/Company-information/Pearson-VUE-companies/GED-Testing-Service.aspx


Ibid, “Test Taker Home: GMAC Assessments,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, http://www.pearsonvue.com/gmacassessments/


Ibid, “Test Taker Home: Illinois Licensure Testing System (ILTS),” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/ilts


Ibid, “Test Taker Home: Indiana CORE Assessments for Educator Licensure (IELP),” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/ielp


Ibid, “Test Taker Home: New York State Teacher Certification Examinations (NYSTCE),” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/nystce


Ibid, “Test Taker Home: Ohio Assessments for Educators (OAE),” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/oae


Ibid, “Test Taker Home: Pennsylvania Educator Certification Tests (PECT),” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/pect


Ibid, “What We Do: The Global Leader in Computer-Based Testing,” Pearson VUE, accessed November 13, 2018, https://home.pearsonvue.com/About-Pearson-VUE/What-we-do.aspx


37 Bridge International Academies, “Who We Are: History,” accessed November 13, 2018,


38 Ibid.


39 CNBC Staff, “Shannon May and Jay Kimmelman,” CNBC News, October 15, 2014, https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/shannon-may-and-jay-kimmelman.html


40 Harvard University, Graduate School of Education, Creating Pathways to Prosperity: A

Blueprint for Action (The Pathways to Prosperity Project and The Achievement Gap Initiative at Harvard University, June 2014), http://www.agi.harvard.edu/pathways/CreatingPathwaystoProsperityReport2014.pdf


41 Harlem Children’s Zone, “About Us: Leadership—Geoffrey Canada, President,” accessed


42 United States, Department of Education, “The Promise of Promise Neighborhoods:

Beyond Good Intentions -- Secretary Arne Duncan’s Remarks at the Harlem Children’s Zone Fall Conference,” Press Room: Speeches, November 10, 2009, https://www2.ed.gov/news/speeches/2009/11/11102009.html


43 Bridge International Academies, “Investors,” accessed July, 9, 2018, https://www.bridgeinternationalacademies.com/investors/


44 Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, “Open letter – 88 Organisations

Urge Investors to Cease Support for Bridge International Academies,” Latest News, March 1, 2018, https://www.gi-escr.org/latest-news/open-letter-88-organisations-urge-investors-to-cease-support-for-bridge-international-academies/


45 Benjamin Herold, “Tangled Web: Zuckerberg & Chan’s Education Grants, Investments,”


46 Karen McVeigh and Kate Lyons, “‘Beyond Justification’: Teachers Decry UK Backing


United Kingdom, House of Commons, International Development Committee, “DFID’s Work on Education: Leaving No One Behind?,” First Report of Session 2017–19, November 13, 2017, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmintdev/367/367.pdf


47 Betsy DeVos, “Betsy DeVos: How Can We Catch up to Other Countries in Education,” Education Week, June 28, 2018, https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2018/06/28/betsy-devos-how-we-can-catch-up.html


48 Susan Berry, “DeVos Wants U.S. to Adopt European Education Policies,” Breitbart, June


49 Heather Nauert, “The United States Withdraws from UNESCO,” United States Department of State, Press Statement, October 12, 2017, https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/10/274748.htm


50 Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt, The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America: A Chronological

Paper Trail (Ravenna, OH: Conscience Press, 1999), 141.


51 Ibid, xxi, 138.

52 Ibid, 270.


United Nations, “Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials,” United Nations Treaty Collection, (Lake Success, NY: UN, November 22, 1950), https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XIV-2&chapter=14&clang=_en


53 United States, Department of Education, “U.S. Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos to

Deliver Keynote Address at Third International Congress on Vocational and Professional Education and Training,” Press Release, June 5, 2018, https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-secretary-education-betsy-devos-deliver-keynote-address-third-international-congress-vocational-and-professional-education-and-training


54 Julie E. Maybee, “Hegel’s Dialectics,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, June 3, 2016,


Matthew C. Altman, “Review of J.G. Fichte, Walter E. Wright (ed.) ‘The Science of Knowing: J. G. Fichte’s 1804 Lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre,’” Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews: An Electronic Journal, November 3, 2005, https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/the-science-of-knowing-j-g-fichte-s-1804-lectures-on-the-wissenschaftslehre/


55 Antony C. Sutton, America’s Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull and Bones, Updated Reprint (Walterville, OR: Trine Day, 2002), 34, 79.


56 F. W. Kaufmann, “Fichte and National Socialism,” American Political Science Review, 36

no. 3 (1942): 460-470.


57 Dan Breazeale, “Johann Gottlieb Fichte,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, August


58 Defend Democracy Press, “Trade Agreements and the Globalization of Fascism,” Defend

Democracy Press: The Website of the Delphi Initiative, September 21, 2016, http://www.defenddemocracy.press/trade-agreements-globalization-fascism/


59 John Hoefle, “Globalization Is Fascism: Globalization Is a Euphemism for the Replacement of Nation-States by Imperial Financier-Run Corporate Cartels,” Executive Intelligence Review, May 4, 2007, https://larouchepub.com/eiw/public/2007/eirv34n18-20070504/61_718_bank.pdf


60 Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation, trans. R. F. Jones and G. H. Turnbull (Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company, 1922), 117.


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